Allahabad became the seat of the Government of the North-Western Provinces, and a High Court was established there in 1834, but it was shifted to Agra within a year. In 1868, it was relocated back to Allahabad. The initial High Court was situated at the Accountant General’s office within the University of Allahabad complex.

Originally founded as the High Court of Judicature for the North-Western Provinces at Agra on 17 March 1866 under the Indian High Courts Act of 1861, it replaced the old Sadr Diwani Adalat. Sir Walter Morgan, Barrister-at-Law, and Mr. Simpson were appointed as the first Chief Justice and Registrar respectively of the High Court of the North-Western Provinces.

The High Court for the North-Western Provinces moved from Agra to Allahabad in 1869, and its name was accordingly changed to the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad from 11 March 1919.

On 2 November 1925, the Oudh Judicial Commissioner’s Court was replaced by the Oudh Chief Court at Lucknow through the Oudh Civil Courts Act of 1925, passed by the United Provinces Legislature with the prior sanction of the Governor-General.

On 25 February 1948, the Chief Court of Oudh was amalgamated with the High Court of Allahabad.

Following the formation of the state of Uttaranchal, now Uttarakhand, from Uttar Pradesh in 2000, the jurisdiction of this High Court no longer extended over the districts now falling under Uttarakhand.

The Allahabad High Court was constructed by Khan Saheb Nizamuddin of Loha Mundi, Agra, India. He also donated the water fountain to the High Court.